Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes are harmful as well as useful for human beings. Microbes brings lot of welfare for human beings as explained below:
- Microbes in Vaccination and Antibiotics/Microbes in Industrial Products
The sources of antibiotics as well as vaccines are microbes. On day to day basis we encounter a lot of pathogens that infects our body and brings different diseases to us. But these antibiotics and vaccines helps us in combating these diseases. Antibiotics such as streptomycin, tetracycline are produced from bacteria and fungi.
The first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Flemming was Penicillin which is fungi (Penicillin notatum).
Vaccines contain inactivated microbes for a particular disease in order to develop antibodies. There a vaccines available for cholera, small pox, tuberculosis, hepatitis which are of microbial origin.
- Microbes in Household Products
Lactobacillus is a bacterium that is found in curd. It is responsible for conversion of milk into curd. This bacterium produces lactic acid that partially digest milk protein and coagulate it to form curd. A small inoculum of curd is needed in milk to begin the process of formation of curd. The curd is rich in Vitamin B12.
Q. 1. Expand the term LAB.
Ans. LAB—Lactic Acid Bacteria.
Q. 2. Mention any two benefits of lactic acid
bacteria.
Ans. 1. Helps in formation of curd from milk.
2. Checks disease causing, microbes in our stomach.
Q. 3. How is ‘Roquefort cheese’ ripened?
Ans. It is ripened by growing a specific fungi.
Q. 4. Bacteria cannot be seen with the naked eyes
but these can be seen with the help of a microscope, If you have to carry a
sample from your home to your biology laboratory to demonstrate the presence of
microbes under a microscope, which sample would you carry and why?
Ans. Curd. Because it can be easily viewed under a microscope in school
laboratory.
Q. 5. Name the vessels used for growing microbes at
industrial level.
Ans. Fermentors.
Q. 6. Name the alcoholic product produced from fermentation
of malted cereals and fruit juices by S. cerevisiae.
Ans. Ethanol.
Q. 7. What is the name of first antibiotic
discovered?
Ans. Penicillin.
Q. 8. Name the enzyme present in detergent
formulation, to remove oily stains from the laundry.
Ans. Lipases.
Q. 9. Bottled fruit juices available in market are
clear because of which enzymes? Name these.
Ans. (1) Pectinases
(2) Proteases.
Q. 10. What are bioactive molecules?
Ans. Bioactive molecules are molecules that are helpful in maintaining
human health by developing conditions favourable to the body.
Q. 11. Define the term floes.
Ans. The mass aerobic bacteria associated with fungal filaments forming
a mesh like structure are called floes.
Q. 12. What is BOD?
Ans. BOD—It is biochemical oxygen demand, i.e. the amount of oxygen
consumed by aerobic bacteria to oxidise the organic matter in litre of water.
Q. 13. What is the source of biogas during
secondary treatment or biological treatment of sewage?
Ans. Floes.
Q. 14. What are methanogens?
Ans. Methanogens are a group of bacteria that digest cellulose to
produce methane.
Q. 15. What does the rising floating cover of
biogas plant indicate?
Ans. The production and collection of biogas/gobar gas.
Q. 16. What do you understand by biocontrol?
Ans. The use of biological methods for controlling the plant diseases
and pests is called biocontrol.
Q. 17. What are the harmful effects of chemicals
such as insecticides and pesticides?
Ans. It pollutes the environment (soil, ground/land, water) and harmful
to living beings-human- animals and plants.
Q. 18. What is Bt?
Ans. It is Bacillus thuringiensis.
Q. 19. Define biofertilisers?
Ans. Organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil are called
as biofertilisers.
Q. 20. What is the symbiotic association of fungus
and plants called as?
Ans. Mycorrhiza.
Q. 21. In which way have microbes played a major
role in controlling diseases caused by harmful bacteria?
Ans. By producing chemicals that inhibit the growth of
microbes—antibiotics.
Q. 22. Name any two species of fungus, which are
used in the production of the antibiotics?
Ans. Penicillium.
Q. 23. Mention the name of the microbes from which
cyclosporin (an immune suppressive drug) and statins (blood cholesterol
lowering agents) are released?
Ans. Trichoderma polysporum, Monascus purpureas.
Q. 24. Name some traditional Indian foods made of
wheat, rice and bengal gram (or their products) which involve use of microbes?
Ans. (1) Dosa, idli,
(2) Dokla.
Q. 25. How do biofertilisers enrich the fertility
of the soil?
Ans. They enrich atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms that can be
used by plants.
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